If you’ve spent enough time around dog people, you’ve probably heard it said that the smaller the dog, the longer the lifespan. While this idea does have some scientific basis to it, it’s not everything. Some breeds decided to throw us a curveball in regards to the dog’s life expectancy and geriatric needs, while others are totally predictable. And some of it comes down to the individual, including their lifestyle factors. How long do dachshunds live? Do any other breeds live as long? Keep on reading these helpful pointers to find out.

How long do dachshunds live?

According to the American Kennel Club — one of the leading expert sources on canine life — standard dachshunds have a life expectancy of 12 to 16 years on average. Though their miniature-sized brothers and sisters are smaller (this can sometimes be an indicator of a longer lifespan) their average life expectancy is not different from that of standard dachshunds.

Here’s the good news: the wiener dog’s life expectancy is already longer than most dogs! While large dogs live an average of 8 to 12 years, Doxies and other smaller dogs can stay with us for many more, with Chihuahuas often making it to their late teens.

What is considered old for a dachshund?

Can a dachshund live for 20 years?

With the right diet and exercise routine, a small dog like the dachshund absolutely can live to be 20 years old. In fact, more than one of the world’s oldest dogs on record had Doxie blood in them, and they were all over 20. Most recently, a miniature dachshund named Funny spent his final days with the title of “Oldest Living Dog”  which he received in November 2020. At the time, he was 21 years and 169 days old (via Guinness World Records).

To make sure your hot dog stays as happy and healthy as can be, you’ll want to keep an eye on his physical condition, especially his weight. The dachshund’s long body shape makes carrying extra pounds even harder on them than on the average dogs, but in truth, there are so many reasons to keep your dog trim. Breeds like this are also prone to spinal issues such as Intervertebral Disc Disease, which can be exacerbated by extra weight (via British Veterinary Association). This, by far, is the biggest health issue facing dachshunds, especially as they age.

What is the oldest dachshund to live?

As far as we know, Funny the miniature dachshund is the oldest of this breed to be recognized by the Guinness Book of World Records. This sweet boy may not be the most elderly dachshund ever, though. California’s Mountain Democrat interviewed Robert Rowland and his four-legged friend Rocky back in 2011 when Rocky was a staggering 24 years old. Rowland believed his buddy’s longevity was a result of their active lifestyle together. Even though Rocky was eventually put down due to his low quality of life from mobility impairment, he had zero chronic health concerns like heart disease or liver failure.

What is the most common cause of death for dachshunds?

Although spinal abnormalities are the most common health concern for dachshunds, heart disease is their leading cause of death. Leaky heart valves tend to be the most common root of this problem, especially if not caught early on. When a valve becomes weak and deformed, it allows blood to seep out and gather around the valve. If this results in too much pressure, it can strain the heart and cause a murmur or other physical defect. This issue certainly isn’t exclusive to dachshunds but does occur frequently in the breed.

Just because dachshunds are at risk for heart problems doesn’t mean they aren’t at risk for other health concerns, too, so make sure to keep up with your dog’s regular vet visits. Your dog doc can help reassure you that everything is exactly as it should be, so you can get back to having fun with your fur baby as soon as possible. The vast majority of dachshunds seem like such happy dogs—how could you not have fun!

One of the most lovable things about dogs is their attachment to you, their pet parent. They want to be wherever you are — no ifs, ands, or buts. Although you, of course, adore spending time with your four-legged friend, there are times when you might want your space — for instance, when it’s time to go to sleep.

Dogs don’t always understand these boundaries at first, but it is possible to train them to sleep in their crate, a dog bed, or anywhere else you prefer that’s not your sleeping spot. With these five tips and tricks, you can learn how to keep your dog off your bed and in their own in no time.

Why do dogs want to sleep on your bed?

When you bring a pup home, you become part of their pack. While the dominance theory has been thoroughly debunked, they still want to sleep in close quarters with you and anyone else they deem to be in the group. Sleeping next to you helps them feel safe and happy.

Plus, it’s really comfy to lie in your soft and warm bed with your fuzzy blankets. Because canines often go by smell, they may also be attracted to the scent you leave behind. Approximately 50% of dog owners report sharing their bed with their dog, but that doesn’t mean you have to join the crowd.

Methods for keeping your dog off your bed

There are a lot of great approaches and tips you can follow to keep your dog in their own comfy bed. The most important thing to remember is that you’re not being “mean,” you are simply being firm. Read on to learn about the best ways to achieve this bedtime goal:

1. Consistency is key

When it comes to training your dog to do something, it is important to always remain consistent and firm. Always use the same commands, such as “off” to get them off your bed, or “place” to get them into their bed. By using the same commands over and over again, your dog will begin to react almost instantly. You can always use rewards like affection, praise, their favorite toy, or small treats to reinforce the good behavior. This type of training can take weeks or months to fully click with your dog, so it is important to be patient.

2. Get your dog a bed they can’t refuse

If your dog has the comfiest bed on the market, they may not even miss sleeping next to their favorite person. There are so many amazing beds available online and in pet stores. You can do some research and read reviews to see what beds are loved the most.

3. Keep them close by

Just because you are kicking your dog off the bed doesn’t mean you need to keep them out of the room. A setup near your bed or right outside of your bedroom will promote a sense of security for your dog and will help them accept this new sleeping arrangement.

4. Reinforce with the “off” command

One of the best commands you can use for this type of training is “off.” This word is short and easy to say. It is important to say it firmly and point to the floor to give your pup some direction. Whenever you find your dog on your bed, immediately command “off” and then reward the behavior once they hop down.

5. Use placement training

Just like “off,” you can utilize another short word like “place” to give your dog some direction. The word “place” can be used to describe their very own bed. By telling them to go to their place, they have a sense of direction. You can use both “off” and “place” consecutively to let them know it is bedtime.

Why keep your dog off your bed in the first place?

Although many of us love bedtime snuggles with our furry best friends, there are quite a few benefits to keeping your sleeping spaces separate. Some of these reasons include:

• Better sleep for you. Dogs tend to be bed hogs. They love to stretch out and get comfy. Although this is great for them, it’s not so great for you. People usually sleep better when they have the space they need to rest. It is also common for loud snoring from your dog to create some issues at bedtime.

• Your bed stays soft, not furry. Shedding is a common characteristic of nearly every breed of dog. Some shed way more than others, but their small hairs still end up everywhere, regardless of breed. When you don’t allow your dog on your bed, your bed stays cleaner and less hairy. The excessive shedding on your bed can cause itchiness on your skin and face, not to mention some unintentionally swallowed hairs in your mouth.

• Fewer trips to the laundry room. Very few dogs wear shoes outside every day and take a daily bath before bedtime. Because of this, it is easy for dogs to track dirt, insects, and debris onto your soft sheets. By keeping your dog off your bed, you’ll spend less time washing your sheets and more time enjoying them.

Keeping your dog off your bed requires consistency, patience, and firmness. You have to do everything you can to resist those puppy eyes. You will be happy you did in the long run, though, because both you and your pup will benefit from a better night’s sleep every time.

Navigating the pet food aisle can be a daunting task. From ingredients to texture, there are many qualities that determine whether your dog enjoys a balanced diet. All dog food is highly regulated, and the choice will come down to your individual pet’s preferences and medical needs.

In this comprehensive guide, we’ve handpicked the highest-rated dry dog food products available online. We understand that every pup has distinct nutritional requirements, and we’re committed to helping you find a product that meets your pet’s individual needs.

Crave Dog Food with Lamb

The first ingredient in Crave High Protein Dog Food is lamb. Lamb is a flavorful source of protein and amino acids for dogs. Plus, Crave food is grain-free, meaning there is no filler soy, corn, or wheat. These high-quality, calorie-rich ingredients provide the nutrients needed for a lean, healthy body and the energy for lively playtime.

This recipe channels the diet of wolves, focusing on real, high-quality animal protein. Because it’s grain-free, this dog food becomes a strong choice for dogs dealing with food allergies.

Pros:

• First ingredient is lamb
• High calorie content suitable for active breeds (34% crude protein)
• No artificial flavors, colors, or preservatives

Cons:

• Not suitable for weight gain in active dogs

Ziwi Air-Dried Dog Food

This all-natural, high protein, and grain-free option originates from New Zealand, from a brand committed to ethical and sustainable farming practices.

Ziwi food avoids unnecessary carbohydrates with rich meat formulas. The beef is grass-fed and free-range without artificial fillers or preservatives. As far as dry dog food goes, this formula is moist and not as crunchy as normal kibble, making it a good option as a food topper as well.

The package lists the ideal portion by weight and recommends a gradual transition over 6-8 days to prevent digestive trouble.

Pros:

• For carnivorous diets, 96% meat
• Can be used as a food topper
• Sustains moisture and softness

Cons:

• At $30 per pound, this is some of the most expensive dog food

Pedigree Adult Dry Dog Food

Packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals, this dry dog food supports an active and healthy lifestyle for your adult dog. Enriched with omega-6 fatty acids, this product is a game-changer for dogs with skin issues. It helps nourish their skin and promote a healthy, shiny coat. Unlike Ziwi, this formula is a crunchy mix of protein, whole grains, and vegetables.

Pedigree is an affordable household brand without any artificial flavors, high fructose corn syrup, or added sugar. The consistent formula helps dogs stay on a regular bathroom cycle.

Pros:

• Great value for price ($0.90 per pound)
• Omega-6 fatty acids for coat health

Cons:

• Contains whole-grains

Purina Beneful IncrediBites Dry Dog Food

Purina IncrediBites are specially catered to the unique needs of small dogs, while being rich in flavor and nutrition. The first ingredient is farm-raised beef, with a whopping 26 grams per serving. Small dogs often need more calories than a large dog, pound for pound.

Purina Beneful IncrediBites contain antioxidants for immune system support, keeping them healthy and spry. Additionally, the calcium-rich ingredients give teeth and bones a healthy boost.

Pros:

• The small, crunchy kibble is suitable for small breeds
• Helps in maintaining dog’s digestive health
• Keeps dog’s breath fresh, reducing gas

Cons:

• Be careful ordering bag size

Blue Buffalo Chicken and Brown Rice Dog Food

Blue Buffalo food is made in the USA with a dedication to real ingredients. In fact, you’ll recognize most ingredients, such as deboned chicken, brown rice, barley, potatoes, and peas.

This recipe swaps rice for grain which can improve skin and coat issues. The mix of vitamins and minerals promotes immune system health.

Pros:

• Formula improves dog’s coat and health
• Contains recognizable, natural ingredients

Cons:

• Second-most expensive option on the list

How to Pick Dry Dog Food

A decade ago, choosing dog food was simple – visit the closest grocery store, pick food appropriate for your dog’s weight or age, and repeat. But today, the complexity of choices can make even the most seasoned pet parent’s head spin: wet, dry, grain-free, canned, or raw.

Dry dog food, also known as kibble, is a popular choice among dog owners for its convenience, affordability, and long shelf-life. It comes in a myriad of flavors and formulas, each catering to different breeds, sizes, age groups, and dietary requirements.

Ingredient Quality

The first step to determine the quality of dry dog food is the ingredients list. Look for foods whose primary ingredients are real meat such as lamb, chicken, beef, or salmon. Be wary of vague terms like “meat meal” or “animal by-product,” as these often indicate low-quality protein sources. Avoid foods that are loaded with fillers like corn, wheat, and soy, which are difficult for dogs to digest and offer little nutritional value.

Nutritional Balance

The next aspect to consider is the balance of nutrients. A healthy dry dog food should provide a balanced mix of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and fiber. High protein content supports muscle development, carbs provide energy, fats help maintain a healthy skin and coat, and fiber aids digestion. You can use standards set by the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) to judge the nutritional balance of a dry dog food product.

Account for Life Stage and Weight

It’s essential to choose dry dog food designed for your pet’s specific life stage and size. Puppies need a diet rich in protein and fat for their growth, while seniors require less calorie-dense food to prevent weight gain. Make the transition between puppy food and adult food over the course of a week to prevent stomach issues like vomiting and diarrhea.

Breed also matters. Small breed dogs need more calorie-rich food, and large breeds benefit from food with joint health support like glucosamine, Omega 3, and Vitamin C.

Brand Reputation

The reputation of the brand you’re considering is an important factor. Reputable brands have a solid track record of producing safe, nutritious, and high-quality dry dog food. Look for brands that prioritize food safety, quality control, and scientific research.

While it’s tempting to equate high price with high quality, this isn’t always the case. Many budget-friendly dry dog foods offer balanced nutrition and quality ingredients. Instead of focusing solely on the bag’s price, consider the cost per serving and the long-term value in terms of your dog’s health and potential vet bill savings.

Special Dietary Needs

If your dog has special dietary needs due to allergies, health conditions, or breed-specific requirements, you’ll need to consider these while choosing a dry dog food.

Dog food brands offer formulations like hypoallergenic, grain-free, low-fat, and breed-specific to cater to these needs. Consult your vet to understand what unique dietary requirements your dog may have. Your vet may be able to identify common dog food allergies, such as dairy, meat, and soy.

Dog Food Flavor

Finally, consider your dog’s taste preferences. No matter how nutritious a dry dog food is, it’s useless if your dog refuses to eat it. Dogs have individual tastes, and some are notoriously picky eaters. Select a product that is both nutritionally sound and palatable to your dog.

Choosing the best dry dog food is a complex task, involving a careful consideration of various factors like ingredient quality, nutritional balance, and your dog’s unique needs. By using this guide, we hope you’ll feel confident making an informed decision that will contribute to your dog’s long-term health and happiness. After all, a well-fed dog is a happy dog.

If bird-watching is your cat’s idea of a good time, it’s possible you’ve heard him chirping. Tail swishing, eyes wide and trained on his potential prey, a series of strangely adorable sounds emits from your furry companion. Chirping, also known as chattering, sounds nothing like your cat’s usual meow. But don’t be alarmed if you’ve never heard your cat chirp before.

While some frisky felines are chatterboxes, others are silent and stealthy. So, what’s the cause of this unusual sound? Why do cats chirp? And more importantly, what do these unusual noises mean?

Why do cats chirp?

As with many cat behaviors, we’re still trying to understand precisely why cats chirp. However, cats seem to chirp out of excitement.

You can understand this if you watch your cat’s body language when he’s chirping. Chances are, his eyes are wide and focused on something, and he may have stretched his head out, trying to get a better view of what’s going on. You might notice that your cat flicks his tail, crouches down, and tenses his body. There’s an intense focus behind this behavior.

If your cat chirps when he sees you, he may be greeting you or trying to get your attention. You’ll probably notice those same signs of eagerness and focus, but your cat might be slightly more relaxed, walking around or even rubbing against your legs. He may be chirping to say hi or hoping to get you to feed him or play with him.

How to recognize when your cat is chirping

When cats chirp, it almost sounds like they’re mimicking a bird. They often make a short series of peeps or trills, and the sound seems to come from the back of their throat. Some cats chirp while barely opening their mouth, while others develop more of an open-mouthed chatter.

Whatever your cat’s style, his chirping is probably a series of sounds directed at something — a bird, a toy, or even you. Chirping is a quieter noise, like an under-the-breath sound, but it’s so unusual that it’s likely to catch your attention when you hear it.

How to react when your cat is chirping

When your cat is chirping at you, the best thing you can do is figure out what he wants. He might want you to pat him or pay attention to him, and he’ll probably reward you by purring and walking around you in circles. Some cats may chirp because they’re hungry and are prompting you to get out the cat food. Try reacting in a number of ways and see if what you do satisfies your cat.

If your cat is chirping at birds frequently, he may be excited by their presence and frustrated that he can’t get outdoors to hunt them. Some cats will go as far as to stalk their prey and attempt to pounce on them through the window.

Not being able to satisfy his natural hunting instinct can be frustrating for an indoor-only cat, so consider finding ways to help your cat “hunt” inside. Toys that squeak and have different textures and movements can help pique your cat’s interest. Playing with toys on a string can give your cat a good workout, helping to keep him healthy and entertained. Even getting a second cat can encourage your cat to stay active, providing him with a playmate.

Are cats stressed when they chirp?

Define stressed. Sometimes, cats chirp when they see prey, like birds or squirrels, but are unable to attempt to pounce. In these situations, a cat is excited to see the small animal but frustrated that they cannot tap into their natural hunting instincts. Cats are natural predators. While we’ve taken the kitties out of the wild and domesticated them, the wild hasn’t completely left the kitties.

Though the cat may be a tad frustrated and disappointed, pet parents should still keep their feline friends inside. Doing so keeps the cat safe from predators and cars. Cats living indoors usually have longer life spans.

Final thoughts on cats chirping

If your cat is chirping, it isn’t a bad thing. He’s communicating, whether that’s with you or with the birds outside the window. Cats use noises to convey all sorts of different things, and in most cases, a cat who is chirping is excited or trying to get your attention.

If you’re attempting to understand why your cat chirps, spend some time watching him and pay attention to his body language. The more carefully you observe your cat, the more you’ll learn about his behavior. You might find that your cat is chirping because he wants something specific, and by playing with him, interacting with him, or even feeding him, you’ll be giving him just what he wants.

There are many ways to identify a dog’s age and translate dog years to human years — other than knowing their birthday, of course — from the formation of their teeth to the development of their body. Then there’s the classic rule of 7: 1 year in “human time” equals 7  “dog years”. However, research shows that figuring out exactly how to translate dog years to human years may not be as simple as multiplying a number by 7. So how can you calculate your dog’s age?

Let’s dive into the latest and most accurate techniques for canine age calculation. Once you know how to apply this knowledge, you’ll be able to figure out what stage of life your dog is in.  This calculation is yet another way to ensure you’re taking the best possible care of your best buddy — and it’s fascinating to know either way.

Is 1 dog year 7 human years?

Despite the popularity of this trope — that 1 year for a dog is equal to 7 human years — it’s not quite that simple. In fact, the dog-to-human age equivalent can change from year to year depending on the age and size of your pet. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), all pups will gain about 15 human years within their first actual year of life, while the second year of life equals another nine years.

Past year two, however, the numbers tend to differ. Larger breeds will “age faster” on paper, meaning their human age equivalent will be higher than that of a smaller dog who was born at the same time. This may sound a bit sad, or even worrisome, so it’s important to remember that age isn’t an indicator of health or life expectancy. As we tell humans, age is just one number.

How do I calculate dog years to human years?

As much as you’re hoping to find a quick formula to help you calculate your pup’s human age, determining the answer will require a few steps. Here’s how the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) breaks it down:

• A dog’s first year of life is the equivalent of about 15 human years.
• A dog’s second year is the equivalent of nine human years (making a 2-year-old, medium-sized dog about 24 years old in human years).
• From the third year onward, each canine year is the same as about five human years.

It seems easiest to calculate a dog’s age when they’re in their first few years of life, though there is another important factor to consider. These statistics provided by the AVMA are meant specifically for medium-sized dogs. Larger dogs, unfortunately, are known to have shorter life spans and faster physical aging (which is totally normal and expected), so each canine year will equal more than five human years. On the other end of the spectrum, smaller breeds age at a slightly slower rate, which their “human age” reflects.

How old is a 10-year-old dog in human years?

As we have learned, we’d need to know the breed, or at least the size, of the dog in order to estimate their age in human years. The number is going to be significantly higher for a large pup than for a small one, so the age calculation equation listed above won’t necessarily work. Remember — it’s meant for medium-sized breeds.

On a website infographic, the AVMA lists the human ages for 10-year-old dogs as anywhere between 56 to 78, depending on their weight. Veterinarian Amy Flowers and the team at PetsWebMD came up with similar numbers: small dogs at 10 years old equal 56 human years, while medium and large dogs equal 60 and 66 years, respectively.

How old is a 13-year-old dog in human years?

It’s not a hard-and-fast answer. Though the popular belief is that 1 dog year equals 7 human years, that’s not necessarily the case. The size and breed of the dog is important. Generally speaking, smaller breeds age slower than larger ones. Larger dogs typically have shorter lifespans.

The AVMA lists a 10-year-old dog’s age at roughly 68 to 82 years — where your 13-year-old canine lands will depend on their weight. The most important thing is to discuss your pet’s overall health with their veterinarian, who can also help you ensure your 13-year-old pup’s golden years are the best they can be.

Your veterinarian can help

It can get a bit confusing with all the numbers and factors to consider, so don’t worry if you need to recruit some help. Feel free to ask your veterinarian to estimate your pet’s human age at your next appointment. Who knows? Maybe you’ll even learn a cool trick or two about “reading” a dog’s age while you’re there.

In the end, your fur baby’s health and happiness are more important to keep an eye on than their age. It’s true that finding their human age may help you prepare (mentally, at least) for age-related changes that may arise, but their behavior and activity levels should tell you more than anything. Whether they’re turning 1 or enjoying their teens — in dog years, that is — nothing beats a happy dog.

As pet parents, we’d like to think that we have every solution for behavior issues, like how to stop a dog from peeing in his crate. Your buddy can’t exactly tell you why he pees in the crate when you’re not home, though, and you can’t always catch him in the act — so it can be tricky.

Luckily, with a keen eye and a few trial runs, you’ll figure out the problem in no time. You can always enlist your family, vet, or local doggie daycare to keep an eye out, too, but it’s up to you to make the necessary changes to change the behavior. Anything from a more consistent routine to a new treat-dispensing toy could be the difference between cleaning up a puddle or coming home to a happy pup.

Here’s how to stop your dog from peeing in his crate.

First, rule out medical issues as a cause for crate incontinence

Before anything else, it’s important to make sure your fur baby is in good health, so you should book a visit to your vet. Many medical issues could cause a dog to lose control of their bladder, not all of which are obvious or even noticeable. Dogs are notorious for hiding their discomfort, after all.

A few reasons your dog might not be able to hold it include:

• Urinary tract disorders, including urinary tract infections, prostate diseases, etc.
• Neurological issues, including spinal injury and nerve damage
• Bladder storage issues
• Urine retention due to stress, pain, etc.
• Bladder or vestibular tumors

A more complete list can be found on the website of the Veterinary Centers of America.

Make sure the crate is the right size for your dog’s measurements

If your dog’s crate is too big, he’ll have plenty of room to relieve himself in a corner away from where he sleeps. Living like this, when there’s no consequence to peeing in the crate, he has no reason not to do it. When your pup has to lie in his urine, however, he’s likely to think twice about where he goes.

If you have a crate that your dog is still growing into, you can purchase a crate divider panel to make the space a little smaller.

Keeping your pup on a routine can prevent him from peeing in his crate

Dogs thrive on routine, so taking them out to use the bathroom at the same times every day will be especially easy for them to get used to. It will reduce their anxiety since they’ll know exactly when they’ll get to go outside, and they won’t stress that they’ll have to go too long without relief.

For a schedule to truly help your dog, you need to understand how long he can comfortably control his bladder. This time will vary from dog to dog — breed, age, and health are just a few of the factors that affect this. Dogs should be taken out for a potty break three to five times a day on average, though this number is likely to go up for smaller dogs, puppies, and seniors.

Use positive association to help with your dog’s separation anxiety concerns

Many dogs urinate in the house or their crate because of an unresolved emotional issue. Separation anxiety is common in pups with a history of abuse, though any dog can become anxious when left alone. If your dog urinates in front of you, however, you can likely rule this out.

To ease separation anxiety, help your dog learn to enjoy being in his crate (via ASPCA). You can make his crate more comfortable by tossing in a favorite toy, a fluffy bed, or even a shirt that smells like you. Give your buddy a treat every time you leave the house, so he’ll make a positive association between the treat and your departure. Better yet, fill up a treat-releasing toy for a long-lasting distraction.

Will dogs pee in their crate at night?

Rethink your expectations as you go through the process

Is your dog truly ready to be left alone in his crate for long periods? If you have a particularly young puppy at home, he might need a while longer to grow and keep house training before he is continually successful. To determine how long your puppy can hold his urine (on average), add 1 to the number of months in his age — this is how many hours you should expect him to be in control of his bladder. Of course, this can’t be guaranteed for every pup, but it’s a helpful rule of thumb.

Some dogs need more time to get used to their crate, while others need to be house-trained more thoroughly. Take the time to get to know your pup, and you’ll have a better idea of what to expect in the future. Good things take time!

As frustrating as a mess in the crate can be, it’s not a permanent issue. Once you can find the reasons behind your dog’s incontinence, you can work with him to make some changes and solve the issue. When in doubt, your trusted vet will have many ideas and resources to help you get started. Pee-free crate time will be so much nicer for everyone, so why not begin now?

Keeping your pH consistent is a major part of a thriving aquarium. Too high or too low, and your whole ecosystem will be thrown out of whack. Generally speaking, the acceptable pH levels for an aquarium range from 6.8 to 7.8, with 7.0 being the neutral point. (Keep in mind your tank’s acidic or alkaline levels will go up and down pretty regularly, too.) What causes high pH in an aquarium? Here’s the key information you need to know.

What is pH in Aquariums?

If you barely remember high school chemistry, you might be a little unclear about what pH even means and why it matters to your fish. First, know that we’re actually looking at a measurement, which indicates the level of acidity or alkalinity of a liquid. Lower numbers mean more acidic and higher numbers, less.

As mentioned, the midpoint is 7.0, which is the pH of pure water. But that’s not to say if you open a faucet, you’ll get perfect 7-level water. It’s a good idea to check your source with a testing kit so you know where you’re starting from and then you can use a few tips and tricks to bring it up or down as needed.

Common causes of pH level increase

Stones and rocks

Certain stones and rocks can raise your pH levels. Calcium-rich materials like limestone dissolve and mix into the water, thus increasing the pH. On the flip side, consider adding shells or crushed stone to the bottom of your aquarium if you need to increase your pH levels.

Aquatic plants

If you have aquatic plants, they can trap carbon dioxide and other materials like nitrates, which hike up pH levels. Keep an eye out for excess algae and slime on glass, decorations, and rocks. This usually means the pH level is too high.

An ineffective filter

An ineffective or old filter can be damaging in various ways, but most of all, it makes the water’s pH disagreeable to fish. Fish waste and other broken-down organic material like leftover food keep pH levels elevated.

Tap water

Tap water contains alkaline compounds and metals. This is why most experts will recommend against using regular, unconditioned tap water in your aquariums.

Aerating your tank

Aerating your tank allows carbon dioxide to escape, consequently increasing pH levels. Consider an air stone, like this sleek, cylindrical one from Hygger, if you need to slightly raise your water’s alkalinity. This stone is available in 4-inch or 2-inch diameters and weighs only 15.2 ounces (430 grams). When your pH level is too low, turn off or remove the air stone to increase pH levels again.

Baking soda

A common way to increase pH levels easily is by dissolving baking soda in some water and then pouring it into your tank. This alkaline mixture should be incorporated regularly for the best results. However, be cautious about adding too much baking soda at once. Let your fish adapt to the pH level increase before adding any more baking soda.

How to decrease the pH levels in your aquarium

Replace your filter and clean your tank

Try replacing your old filter and the pH level might go back to optimum levels. Additionally, cleaning your tank regularly ensures that your aquarium is completely waste-free, as many water filters don’t successfully eliminate all fish waste.

Add driftwood or peat moss

Driftwood is an aesthetically pleasing decoration choice for fish tanks, but too much can make your pH levels drop. Granted, this may be helpful if your water’s pH is too high. Compounds called tannins actually soften hard, alkaline water.

You can also add peat moss to your tank, but note that this might give your water a yellow-brown tint. Similar to driftwood, peat moss contains tannins and other acids that counter high pH levels. Note that whenever you’re considering using driftwood, peat moss, or other decorative elements, make sure it’s made for aquarium use and comes from a reputable source.

Invest in a reverse osmosis machine

A costlier option is a reverse osmosis (RO) machine, which can significantly improve pH water levels and keep them steady. Reverse osmosis works by carefully filtering water and keeping contaminants out, including metals. These devices have filters you’ll need to replace every now and then, but it’s a worthy investment for serious fish tank enthusiasts.

This heavy-duty reverse osmosis system from LiquaGen has a manual flush valve that prevents leaks and makes flushing maintenance quick. It’s compatible with both saltwater and freshwater tanks with fish, plants, and coral. If you’re a first-time RO buyer, this is the best choice, thanks to simple installation and handling instructions.

What causes a high pH in aquariums differs between water type, fish, decorations, and more. Fortunately, there are several ways you can decrease or increase pH levels intentionally to make sure your fish and other aquatic pets are comfortable. From simple solutions like adding multipurpose decor to more serious actions like installing a reverse osmosis filtration system, you can achieve the perfect pH level for your fish using our comprehensive guide.

When you and you dog are out and about, your dog’s collar is an important part of keeping them safe. It holds their tags, which has vital info that can help you reunite if your dog gets lost, is a convenient place to hold onto if the leash breaks, and it lets other people know that your dog isn’t a stray if they get lost.

However, some dog owners take their dog’s collar off while they’re at home. For some, this sounds like the perfect opportunity to give their dog some time to relax. For others, this might sound like a safety hazard. So which is the truth?

Is it better to leave your dog’s collar on or should you take it off and allow them to have a breather? Do dogs like collars, or are they a nuisance? Here’s what you need to know.

 Do dogs like it when you take their collars off?

Every dog is different, which means each one reacts differently to wearing a collar. Experts say their response depends on a variety of factors:

• What happens after you remove the collar? There may be a flurry of excitement when you remove your pup’s collar if something desirable — such as playtime with other dogs — follows immediately after its removal. Likewise, they may resist having his collar removed if something undesirable happens, such as going into his crate before you leave the house.
• How the collar fits. If your dog’s collar is too tight, it may have irritated the skin and be a painful area for you to touch. If it’s too big, it might get caught on objects easily, which can create panic and anxiety.
• Skin and neck sensitivities. If your dog has skin allergies, the collar may be aggravating them. Additionally, if your dog has an injury on their neck — like a cut or muscle strain — they may not appreciate having anyone touch their neck.

When should you remove your dog’s collar?

Accidents happen and pets get lost, which is why it’s advisable to keep your dog’s collar on whenever possible, especially when you’re walking him on a leash, moving households, or traveling. Still, there are times when it’s perfectly acceptable (and safe) to remove your dog’s collar:

• When your dog is in their crate. Even the best-fitting collars can become choking hazards when identification tags catch on the bars of a crate. It’s also possible for your dog to get their leg caught in the collar when they’re scratching their neck, which can result in a fracture or other leg injury.
• At bedtime. Removing your dog’s collar after the day’s last potty break can give the fur and skin beneath their collar a welcome breather. If your dog moves around frequently at night or scratches and shakes their head a lot, removing their collar might make nighttime quieter for the human members of the household. (Keep the collar on if your dog has access to a doggy door.)
• When they’re playing with other dogs. Dogs are rambunctious when they play with each other. Whenever possible, let them enjoy their romp (in an enclosed, supervised area) without their collar, which will help minimize the risk that it will accidentally catch on another dog’s collar or limb. Every play area is different, so be sure to note the rules. Many pet-sitting facilities remove dog collars during group play; some dog parks require that your dog wear their collar and ID tags at all times.

Should your dog wear a collar and a harness at the same time?

A harness isn’t a complete replacement for a collar, so it’s important for your dog to keep their collar on, even if you use a harness to walk them. Harnesses are great for keeping pressure off your dog’s neck if they pull, extra control on walks, and can even keep your dog calmer or warmer. However, they don’t typically have a place to attach your dog’s tags. This means that if your dog gets lost while wearing only their harness, whoever finds your dog won’t know how to contact you!

After the walk is over, though, there’s no reason for your dog to wear both the harness and collar. Harnesses are more restrictive than collars, so your dog may experience more discomfort trying to sleep in them.

Let common sense guide you

Without question, a collar is the most logical place to attach your dog’s identification tags. It’s also the first place someone will look if, heaven forbid, your dog gets lost. And, provided you don’t use a harness when you go for a walk, a collar is the best place to attach a leash.

Besides collaring your dog, experts say, you can keep your dog safe by making sure they get enough exercise and mental stimulation, securing cabinets and other areas in which you keep toxic materials, supervising them when they’re outside, and putting decals on your windows that alert emergency personnel that you have pets.

All things considered, does your dog need to wear their collar at night? Probably not, especially if your dog is secured inside your home with no unsupervised access to the yard through a doggy door; however, every situation is different. The key is to consider your dog’s behavior and your lifestyle to create the safest possible environment for your pet.

Sometimes, a dog simply falls into your life with no notice. Other times, however, you have the opportunity to plan for welcoming your new furry friend. You might even want to research different dog breeds to decide the kind of pet you’re looking for. Do you want an athletic canine bestie? Or would you prefer a buddy who wants to hang out on the couch?

Affection is just one important quality that many look for in a pet. After all, nothing beats a good cuddle with your pup after a long day. Luckily, all the cute dog breeds on this list are known for their affectionate natures, so they’ll be just as happy for a snuggle session as you will. Take a look!

Great Danes are the true definition of a “Gentle Giant”

Although a lot of people think of small dogs as the cuddliest, that’s not always the case. The American Kennel Club (AKC) explains that this breed “need[s] lots of affection and socialization with people and other animals, making them great family pets.” They are called ‘Gentle Giants,’ after all.

These massive dogs are also known for being great with children, though the AKC advises that all child-dog playtime be supervised. Gigantic Great Danes are gentle but still large and heavy dogs. Luckily, they also tend to be eager to please, so as long as you stay consistent with training, so will they! With a little work and a lot of consistency, you’ll have a well-behaved best buddy on your hands.

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel will love going for a run or cuddling up for a nap

These sweet dogs are known for their devotion to loved ones, which they show in a number of ways, including affection. They enjoy taking walks with their owners just as much as they love some sofa snuggles, so that’s why the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Club recommends this breed for families. Don’t be fooled by that cute face and floppy ears, though–these pups can be smart as a whip, too!

Here’s the thing: This breed can be susceptible to a number of health issues due to poor breeding, so be sure to do your research before bringing home a new friend. This is a great rule to remember no matter what breed you’re looking into, as no one can predict future health concerns with perfect accuracy.

With training and love, Staffordshire bull terriers are some of the best dogs

Pit bull breeds, which include the Staffordshire bull terrier, have gotten a bad reputation over time. In reality, these dogs are some of the most loving pups out there. Canine behaviorist Kamal Fernandez told DailyMail that, “with a little patience and love, they can be some of the most affectionate dogs.”

Like most breeds, a great way to ensure you’re raising a loving dog is to begin socialization and positive reinforcement training as soon as possible. When you show dogs care and affection, they’re likelier to show it back. Of course, some individual dogs won’t follow their breed standard, but that doesn’t mean you can’t find your own way to show love.

Bichon Frises are some of the smallest companion dogs out there

Small, cute dog breeds like the Bichon Frise (French for curly-haired lap dog) are also the perfect example of an affectionate dog breed. They’re friendly, outgoing, and oh-so-funny! And although these little comedians make friends wherever they go, they’re the perfect companion for their owners — cuddles and all. The AKC calls them “adaptable companions,” which means they’re happy to go with you wherever your life takes you. They’re even great apartment dogs when given enough exercise and mental stimulation!

Poodles and poodle mixes are popular for very good reasons

There are oodles of poodle mixes making headlines and going viral on social media, but they all share their ancestors’ affinity for companionship (and their hypoallergenic fur). According to the AKC, Poodles are equally outgoing and smart, so they’re happy to bond with their owners through anything from obedience training to affection.

When it comes to poodle mixes, though, different dog breeds have some of their own unique characteristics. Here’s the catch: Many breeds poodles are typically bred with are just as loving and friendly, and some are even on this list. Keep on reading!

Golden retrievers are famous for their loving, affectionate natures

Whether a dog is mixed or purebred, having golden retriever genes almost always means lots of love. In fact, Fernandez told DailyMail that “Nothing makes them happier than cuddling their loved ones. Golden retrievers are one of the most affectionate, gentle, and soft-natured breeds.” How sweet.

Of course, a golden’s loving demeanor is easy to see. This breed is one of the most popular dog breeds in the world for a very good reason. From their gentle cuddles to joyful zoomies, almost everything they do can make you smile.

Brussels Griffon dogs have earned themselves the nickname “Velcro dogs” for a reason

This breed is equally smart, silly, and family-oriented. They make great companion dogs for individuals, couples, and even families. Both the smooth-coated and rough-coated varieties love to spend time with their loved ones, though the rough-coated Brussels griffon will need frequent brushing, too. Just think of it as another way to bond!

These companion dogs are happiest as the center of attention, and their medium energy level will allow you to bond through both activities and affection. Because these pups are so people-oriented, they tend to be eager to please and receptive to training. Like with many breeds, you could run into behavior problems if a Grif is restless, understimulated, or left alone for too long.

Although these seven affectionate dog breeds are known for cuddles and companionship, so many more could make the list. And let’s not forget the mutts! What breeds have you found to be the most affectionate? Remember — it’s important to keep in mind that any breed of dog has the potential to be affectionate. Genetics aren’t the only factors that determine a dog’s demeanor — a little love can go a long way. And just because your pup isn’t a cuddler now doesn’t mean they never will be. Besides, there’s a myriad of ways to show your dog how much you love them!