There are many ways to identify a dog’s age and translate dog years to human years — other than knowing their birthday, of course — from the formation of their teeth to the development of their body. Then there’s the classic rule of 7: 1 year in “human time” equals 7  “dog years”. However, research shows that figuring out exactly how to translate dog years to human years may not be as simple as multiplying a number by 7. So how can you calculate your dog’s age?

Let’s dive into the latest and most accurate techniques for canine age calculation. Once you know how to apply this knowledge, you’ll be able to figure out what stage of life your dog is in.  This calculation is yet another way to ensure you’re taking the best possible care of your best buddy — and it’s fascinating to know either way.

Is 1 dog year 7 human years?

Despite the popularity of this trope — that 1 year for a dog is equal to 7 human years — it’s not quite that simple. In fact, the dog-to-human age equivalent can change from year to year depending on the age and size of your pet. According to the American Kennel Club (AKC), all pups will gain about 15 human years within their first actual year of life, while the second year of life equals another nine years.

Past year two, however, the numbers tend to differ. Larger breeds will “age faster” on paper, meaning their human age equivalent will be higher than that of a smaller dog who was born at the same time. This may sound a bit sad, or even worrisome, so it’s important to remember that age isn’t an indicator of health or life expectancy. As we tell humans, age is just one number.

How do I calculate dog years to human years?

As much as you’re hoping to find a quick formula to help you calculate your pup’s human age, determining the answer will require a few steps. Here’s how the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) breaks it down:

• A dog’s first year of life is the equivalent of about 15 human years.
• A dog’s second year is the equivalent of nine human years (making a 2-year-old, medium-sized dog about 24 years old in human years).
• From the third year onward, each canine year is the same as about five human years.

It seems easiest to calculate a dog’s age when they’re in their first few years of life, though there is another important factor to consider. These statistics provided by the AVMA are meant specifically for medium-sized dogs. Larger dogs, unfortunately, are known to have shorter life spans and faster physical aging (which is totally normal and expected), so each canine year will equal more than five human years. On the other end of the spectrum, smaller breeds age at a slightly slower rate, which their “human age” reflects.

How old is a 10-year-old dog in human years?

As we have learned, we’d need to know the breed, or at least the size, of the dog in order to estimate their age in human years. The number is going to be significantly higher for a large pup than for a small one, so the age calculation equation listed above won’t necessarily work. Remember — it’s meant for medium-sized breeds.

On a website infographic, the AVMA lists the human ages for 10-year-old dogs as anywhere between 56 to 78, depending on their weight. Veterinarian Amy Flowers and the team at PetsWebMD came up with similar numbers: small dogs at 10 years old equal 56 human years, while medium and large dogs equal 60 and 66 years, respectively.

How old is a 13-year-old dog in human years?

It’s not a hard-and-fast answer. Though the popular belief is that 1 dog year equals 7 human years, that’s not necessarily the case. The size and breed of the dog is important. Generally speaking, smaller breeds age slower than larger ones. Larger dogs typically have shorter lifespans.

The AVMA lists a 10-year-old dog’s age at roughly 68 to 82 years — where your 13-year-old canine lands will depend on their weight. The most important thing is to discuss your pet’s overall health with their veterinarian, who can also help you ensure your 13-year-old pup’s golden years are the best they can be.

Your veterinarian can help

It can get a bit confusing with all the numbers and factors to consider, so don’t worry if you need to recruit some help. Feel free to ask your veterinarian to estimate your pet’s human age at your next appointment. Who knows? Maybe you’ll even learn a cool trick or two about “reading” a dog’s age while you’re there.

In the end, your fur baby’s health and happiness are more important to keep an eye on than their age. It’s true that finding their human age may help you prepare (mentally, at least) for age-related changes that may arise, but their behavior and activity levels should tell you more than anything. Whether they’re turning 1 or enjoying their teens — in dog years, that is — nothing beats a happy dog.

If you’ve stumbled across this article after searching terms like “old dog behavior before death,” we are so sorry for your situation. There’s nothing we want more than for our fur babies to live forever. Unfortunately, death is a part of life we all must face, and the loss of a pet is a major trauma because of the tight bonds we form with our fur babies.

Knowing death’s a part of life doesn’t make the loss of a pet any easier — it can be as difficult as losing a human family member. Despite the many ways we can try to grieve once our beloved pet has passed, it can be helpful to know the end is near. Here’s what you should look for if you suspect your dog may be nearing the end of the road.  

What are the signs of a dog dying of old age?

According to Leesville Animal Hospital in Raleigh, North Carolina, very few dogs pass away from old age itself and not an underlying condition. In any event, there are signs you should be aware of as your beloved pooch begins his final transition. Your dog may experience some or all of the following symptoms:

• Lack of appetite
• Refusal to drink water
• Pronounced fatigue
• Loss of interest in favorite toys or people
• Extreme lethargy
• Lack of coordination
• Nausea and vomiting
• Restlessness
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness
• Decreased respirations
• Incontinence
• Muscle spasms or twitching
• Hiding
• Sudden desire to be with you at all times

In many cases, these symptoms will come on gradually. Several months to several weeks before your dog passes, they may stop grooming, lose weight, drink less, and experience digestive upset. Your dog’s coat and eyes may become dull. Roughly one month before your dog passes, you may notice a drastic change in their weight, a loss of interest in activities, changes in breathing, eye problems, and skin conditions. Some dogs may begin to self-isolate during this time, while others become needy.

During your dog’s final days, they will lose interest in eating, drinking, and playing. They may appear to stare off into space and become unusually still. Other dogs become restless and pace or twitch. Behavioral changes are also common during the last few days of life. Your dog may also experience incontinence, extreme weight loss, and loss of coordination.

How long does it take for dogs to pass away naturally?

If your dog is showing signs of slowing down due to old age, it’s only natural to wonder what happens next. From wondering how much more time you have with your beloved fur baby to wondering how long the decline will take, a plethora of questions springs to mind when your dog is ailing. Unfortunately, we can’t give you any concrete answers, but we can provide you with a general timeline of what happens when your dog is nearing the end of life.

The end-of-life period can last days, weeks, or even months. Here are things to look out for if you have a senior dog, especially if your dog suffers from health problems.

• 3 months prior to passing: Your dog’s eyes may become dull, and you’ll most likely begin to notice changes in his coat’s appearance. Some dogs may begin to shed much more than normal. Digestive issues such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may begin.
• 3 weeks prior to passing: Additional weight loss is common at this stage. Symptoms like breathing problems, discomfort, behavioral changes, and anxiety could develop. Many dogs begin grooming less often.
• 3 days prior to passing: Some dogs become distant and lose interest in their surroundings, while others become clingy. Restlessness is common. Your dog may lose control of his bladder and bowels.

Only you and your veterinarian can decide the best course of action for your beloved pet as the end draws near. Remember to treat yourself gently at this time. You’re making the best possible decision you can for a cherished member of your family.

How to care for a dog at the end of his life

Whether your dog has been ill for a period of time or their advanced age has finally caught up to them, you’ll want to do everything in your power to keep your dog comfortable during their last few days. While saying goodbye to a beloved pet is always difficult, here are a few ways you can help keep them comfortable at the end of his life. 

Make sure your dog has a comfortable bed

Your dog’s ability to regulate their temperature decreases with age, so make sure they have a cozy place to sleep. If your dog’s temperature is low, warm a few blankets or towels in the dryer to give them an added boost of warmth. Similarly, your dog may be prone to overheating. Panting and bright red gums are indicative of a dog who can’t stay cool. Try popping their blanket in the freezer until it’s cool to the touch, and make sure they have access to cold water if they’re thirsty. Your vet may also recommend giving them water via a syringe. 

Give your dog food he can easily chew

If your pooch still has an appetite, make sure to keep their favorite canned food on hand. Many veterinarians recommend watering down wet food or mixing it with broth. You can also give them plain chicken and rice if dry kibble upsets their stomach. Now is the time to let your pup eat as many of their favorite treats as they want.

Let your dog set the tone

As much as you want to be with them during their final moments, some dogs are more comfortable being alone. Don’t crowd your dog if they choose to retreat to their favorite corner. If they prefer to be with you at all times, let them get as close as they want and enjoy his company.  

Discuss medication with your veterinarian

If your dog is in pain, talk to your vet about medication that can help alleviate their discomfort. 

Have an end-of-life plan

No matter how much you want to avoid thinking about it, preparing for your dog’s final days in advance will make the process less complicated. Discuss your options with your vet, and have contact information on hand to make burial or cremation arrangements. 

Coping with pet loss

There is no “normal” way to grieve. You may feel angry, heartbroken, or even numb after your dog passes. Don’t let anyone tell you that your beloved fur baby was “only a dog,” and don’t let others rush you through the grieving process. Reach out to family and friends, join a pet loss support group, or contact a therapist who can help you get through your loss. Mourning the loss of a pet is never easy, and it’s unfair that their lives are so short, but your memories of your beloved fur baby will last a lifetime. 

Just like with you, drinking water is essential for your dog’s good health. You might be surprised to learn that the cuddly bundle of fur you just welcomed into your home is actually made mostly of water. Among other things, water is an essential part of your puppy’s dietary needs. Even a 10% loss of body water can cause serious health complications. So just as it’s crucial to observe the frequency of feeding your puppy, it’s also important to make sure they are drinking enough. How much water should a puppy drink? It depends on a few factors.

Ideal water intake for a dog

The ideal water intake for a dog depends on their size and activity level. Most experts agree that, on average, a dog should consume 1 ounce of fluid per pound of body weight each day. That means a 45-pound dog should take in about 5.5 cups of fluid on a daily basis. Lactating mothers and puppies need more, as do dogs who are extremely active or live in hot, humid climates.

Why puppies need more water

Water constitutes as much as 85% of a newborn puppy, a percentage that changes to 60% when they are grown. As newborns, they receive the hydration they need from their mother’s milk. After they are weaned and begin eating kibble, water becomes essential in helping them digest their food.

Water is an important part of the overall metabolic process, which includes digestion, brain activity, blood flow, and breathing, as well as kidney and liver function. It also helps young dogs grow big and strong.

And, since a dog cools by panting, drinking water is essential for replacing the moisture that evaporates from their tongues, nasal passages, and lungs during the process. Lastly, a well-hydrated dog has a moist nose, which aids in their ability to smell.

How much water should your puppy drink?

Young puppies who are transitioning from mother’s milk to solid food need 0.5 cup of water every two hours. As they grow, you’ll eventually fall into the recommended 1 ounce per day per pound.

One of the best ways to make sure your puppy is drinking enough water is to set up a schedule. Instead of leaving a bowl out for them to drink at will, ration their intake. Every few hours, measure the appropriate amount of water into their drinking bowl and call your puppy. Encourage your pup to drink the water, and when they do, reward them with praise and a few minutes of playtime.

Most dogs learn to drink enough water all by themselves; however, it’s important to monitor them when they are first learning.

How much water should a puppy drink during potty training?

Signs that your puppy isn’t getting the right amount of water

Not enough water intake can cause dehydration and drinking too much water can be just as dangerous.

Dehydration

Puppies who don’t receive an adequate amount of water may suffer from dehydration, a dangerous condition that can be life-threatening. Overheating and illnesses, especially those that include vomiting, diarrhea, and fever, put puppies at risk of dehydration.

Symptoms of dehydration include:

• Dry, pale, or sticky gums
• Loss of skin turgidity, meaning the skin doesn’t snap back into place when gently pinched
• Loss of appetite
• Sunken eyes
• Excessive panting

If your puppy is reluctant to drink (or more inclined to play), try these tricks:

• Place ice cubes in the water bowl. Chewing on ice cubes adds an element of fun while it aids in hydration.
• Flavor drinking water with chicken or beef broth.
• Put a treat at the bottom of the bowl.

Overhydration

If it seems your puppy is drinking too much water, pay attention. Dogs, and puppies, in particular, are super curious. Your little buddy may just be playing in the water bowl, which is more of a behavioral issue than a medical problem.

But if you think your puppy is doing more drinking than playing, they may have an underlying medical issue that needs to be addressed immediately. Excessive drinking may be signs of fever and infection or more chronic conditions, such as diabetes, Cushing’s disease, kidney, and liver disease.

Symptoms of overhydration include:

• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Lack of coordination
• Lethargy
• Bloating
• Dilated pupils
• Excessive salivation
• Pale gums

As you can see, water is an important part of your puppy’s good health (and sleeping well through the night). Remember to supply them with an adequate supply of fresh water every day and take notice of their health frequently. Just as sleep training your puppy is beneficial for their overall well-being in the long run, teaching them good water etiquette while they’re young will help, too. Closely monitor their activity, and you’ll be rewarded with a healthy, active pup and a lifetime of companionship.

When you first bring home a new puppy, you’ll have so many firsts to look forward to. Some milestones — the first accident, for example — aren’t quite as cute as the others, so that’s why you’ll want to start training with your pup as soon as possible. Understanding puppy training stages will help you break down all your goals into realistic steps, making you and your new best friend more likely to succeed.

Remember, training your pup is just one important aspect of their well-being. Ensure you’re taking care of their diet, health, and happiness, too. Good luck and keep reading to learn about a puppy training schedule.

Here’s your ideal puppy training schedule for puppies 8 weeks of age and younger

It’s important to establish a routine as soon as you bring your puppy home. Not only will this ensure that you and your pup have every need met, but it also will let your new dog become more familiar with their environment. As dog trainer Ken McCann said in his YouTube video guide for puppy training, “You’ll be setting them up for success,” especially in potty training. Make sure to supervise while they’re outside, too.

Here’s another idea: Luring your new pup to you with a delicious treat is a great first step toward bonding and training. At this point, they’re working purely on instinct, but they’re learning the reward value of treats as well as a praise word — something like “yes” or “good” to let them know they’re doing well. Make sure to use this word as you continue training!

This also gets your pup used to working for a treat, which builds motivation and confidence. Negative reinforcement won’t teach anything but a feeling of unease at this age, so it’s a good idea to focus on rewards instead (and always). Now that they know that following you gets that reward, they’ll soon be ready to move on to the next stage.

When your puppy is 9 weeks old, try to stick to a training routine that looks like this

By 9 weeks, your puppy has had time to adjust to their new environment, notes the American Kennel Club. They’re probably gaining confidence by the hour as they learn what their little body can do, so it’s extra important to keep your fur baby supervised during this developmental stage.

Your puppy’s name should be used as a tool for training at this age. Instead of using it at every chance to get them used to it, use it sparingly to grab their attention — and then reward them for responding. This positive reinforcement will help the name stick, so they’ll be eager to respond when they hear it.

Keep your routines consistent to give your young dog a chance to learn new habits. For example, knowing by the setting sun that it’ll be time to go potty soon could determine whether your pup chooses to potty in the house.

At 10 weeks old, your dog will be ready for more challenging training. Ready to try something new?

This is a great time to start increasing the challenge of your pup’s commands — using baby steps! If you haven’t already, have your puppy sit (use a treat to lure them into position by raising it from nose level to above their head) before receiving every meal. This further integrates training and teaches your puppy to look to you before indulging.

If you’ve been luring them toward you with a treat, try leading them a few steps back and forth, or even in a circle, for more of a challenge. Use the word “come” when you lure your pet around with a treat, and soon they’ll start to understand. Don’t forget to praise your pet with words and a treat every time they complete a command. Yes, every time!

When your fur baby is 11 weeks of age, try this puppy training schedule to keep them busy

During this time, keep practicing everything you’ve introduced to your pup. Have them wait a little longer before getting rewarded, teaching a bit of patience at a time. Take each “sit” a step further by practicing “down” (lower the treat down toward the floor) or take a few steps away while your pup works on patiently sitting.

It’s a good time to introduce a collar, harness, or leash if you haven’t already — though you shouldn’t jump right into wearing it. Baby steps are a good idea when trying anything new with your fur baby! For a first step, let them sniff their new fashion accessory.

This is the ideal way to train a puppy that’s about 12 weeks or 3 months old

The American Kennel Club lists this age as an ideal time to expose your pup to new people, places, and things. Once your vet gives you the go-ahead, it’s important to socialize your puppy. Doing this in short, calm trips outside will help your fur baby build confidence as you go.

As your pup gets to know other dogs and people, practicing commands like “leave it” and any others you’ve been learning is extra important. This will give you more control over playtime should anything get out of hand. Generally, pups can be great at giving one another a verbal signal — a little yelp — if a sibling or playmate bites too hard.

What if my puppy isn’t following this training timeline? Try not to worry if you have a late bloomer

Remember, every dog runs on their own body clock, no matter their age. No two pups develop at exactly the same rate, so don’t feel discouraged if your furry friend is technically “behind” in any area. Think about the way human children grow and learn — it’s not a linear path. Some skills may click more quickly than others, and that’s perfectly normal. If your puppy isn’t responding to their name, for example, they may be excelling in athletics or social skills.

If you’re truly concerned, it’s never a bad idea to let your veterinarian know what’s going on. They’re here to help you find your way along this crazy path of puppyhood, and they’ll have ideas you may not have heard before. Sometimes, though, all it takes is some time, patience, and practice.

You can do it, pet parents!

Blue-eyed dogs are striking, mostly because they are such an unusual sight. After all, even though all puppies are born with blue eyes, 95% of them will change color within the first eight to 10 weeks of life. And while there’s almost nothing sweeter than staring into the brown eyes of an adoring pet, those dog breeds with blue eyes are, well, a sight to behold.

If you’re lucky enough to own a dog with blue eyes, congratulations. If, like the rest of us, you’re just curious about what causes that beautiful abnormality, read on. We’ll share which dog breeds naturally have blue eyes, why that occurs, and if blue-eyed dogs are at risk for health problems as a result.

What dog breeds have blue eyes?

No doubt about it, dogs with blue eyes belong to a unique club. Scientists say only 5% of dogs have the blue-eye variant as part of their DNA. The blue-eyed trait is recessive and most often related to coat color, specifically in those with merle (mottled patches of color) or piebald (white coat with spots of color).

Dog breeds that naturally have blue eyes include:

• Siberian husky
• Border collie
• Australian shepherd
• Dachshund
• Weimaraner
• Cardigan Welsh corgi
• Great Dane
• Catahoula leopard dog
• Alaskan Klee Kai
• Pit bull

Ironically, blue eyes don’t actually have any blue pigment. In fact, blue eyes indicate a lack of pigment. Additionally, if the fur around your dog’s eyes is white, their chances of having blue eyes (along with a pink nose and skin) increase.

Why do some dogs have blue eyes?

It’s all about the melanin, or the pigment in the iris, that makes up the colored part of the eye. Brown eyes, which are the most common color, have brown pigment in both the front and back layers of the iris. Blue eyes have a small amount of melanin (or none at all) in the front layer and a small amount in the back. The dog’s DNA is the key to how much melanin is produced.

Scientists are still studying the phenomenon. While previous studies indicate that genes that determine coat color play a major role in determining a dog’s eye color, a study from 2018 discovered that another gene important in eye development might also play a role.

Do dogs with blue eyes have health problems?

Pigment isn’t just about color; it’s also a critical element in the development of sight and hearing in our canine friends. And while not all blue-eyed dogs will have problems with their sight or hearing, some are at greater risk for certain conditions.

Cochleosaccular deafness is a hereditary condition linked to the pigment in a dog’s coat and eyes. It’s more prevalent in white dogs with blue eyes, and it usually appears within 1 to 3 weeks of age in one or both ears.

Merle ocular dysgenesis occurs when two merle-coated dogs have puppies. Common vision problems for the offspring include smaller eyes, off-center pupils, light sensitivity, general impaired vision, and a greater risk of developing cataracts.

Albinism occurs when a dog can’t produce sufficient melanin and is completely devoid of color. This rare condition can cause smaller eyes, eyes sensitive to light, and deformities in the lens or iris that can cause poor vision or complete blindness.

If your brown-eyed adult dog’s eyes change color, it may be a signal of eye disease or the aging process:

• Interstitial keratitis: An inflammation of the cornea that can display as a bluish-white film over the eye.
• Cataracts: Often a sign of aging, cast a cloudy and often bluish look to the eye.
• Glaucoma: A disease of the optic nerve, can also give a bluish tint to the eye.

Any change in your dog’s vision should be reported to your veterinarian immediately. Most eye diseases can be treated — with a better prognosis occurring in those that are detected early.

So, as you can see, there’s more to a blue-eyed dog than (has to be said) meets the eye. Regardless of their color, the expression in your dog’s eyes is a great way to know what they’re thinking. Round eyes that show a lot of white indicate your pup is tense. Dilated pupils may be a sign of fear — or excitement. And when your dog is relaxed, they may even look like they’re squinting.

Are all blue-eyed dogs prone to deafness?

While blue-eyed dogs have an increased risk of cochleosaccular deafness, researchers from Louisiana State University concluded this: “Blue eyes, resulting from an absence of pigment in the iris, is common with pigment-associated deafness, but is not, in and of itself, an indication of deafness or the presence of the deafness gene…” That being said, certain breeds, such as Dalmatians, bull terriers, English setters, and English cocker spaniels who have blue eyes are more likely to be deaf. Some researchers suspect an autosomal dominant defect known as incomplete penetrance, but there’s currently no literature to support the theory.

Here’s another fun fact about dog eyes you might like to know. Making eye contact with your dog, even for a few minutes, triggers the release of oxytocin, a hormone associated with empathy, trust, and relationship building. A 2015 study by researchers at Azabu University in Sagamihara, Japan, suggests that dogs experience a 130% increase in oxytocin after making eye contact with their owners, while their owners experience 300%. What does that mean? Brown, blue, gray, or green, looking into a dog’s eyes is a mutually beneficial way to strengthen the bond between you and your best friend.

It’s hard not to relish daily walks with your dog. You both get fresh air and much-needed exercise, and seeing your dog explore and discover the world is oh-so-fun. Afterward, you and your pup might even engage in a cozy snuggle session on the couch. What could be better?

Dogs also walk in small amounts at home, whether during a play session or a trip to the backyard, and paw health is essential to keep them comfortable and walking. If one or more of your dog’s paws gets injured or infected, mobility can be tricky, painful, and sometimes impossible. As a pet parent, the last thing you want is to see your fur baby in pain. Injuries might be inevitable, but understanding the causes, signs, and treatment for a dog paw infection can ensure your pet gets the proper care as soon as possible. After all, early detection and treatment can prevent the condition from getting worse.

Here’s what you need to know.

What causes a dog paw infection? You can help your pup avoid paw discomfort if you know what to look for

As much as we’d like to give you an easy answer, several factors can contribute to a paw infection. Here are a few common ones.

• Allergies leading to a secondary infection. Researchers say that allergic reactions to food could trigger a secondary bacterial or fungal infection.
• Bacteria or fungus. Bacteria or fungi can cause deep paw infections, swelling, and discharge. That includes yeast infections, too!
• Excessive licking. When a pup’s paws get irritated, they may try to self-soothe by licking. The opposite can happen, though. In truth, all that licking can exacerbate the issue and result in an infection.
• Parasites. Mange mites, soil nematodes, and hookworms can all cause paw infections.

What are the symptoms of a paw infection in dogs? Look out for these signs of an issue

Early detection can help get your dog on the mend faster. Look out for these symptoms of infections:

• Lesions
• Ulcers
• Swelling
• Redness
• Bruises
• Excessive paw licking
• Discharge or pus

When should my dog see a vet? Are dog paw infections something to worry about?

The treatment for each paw infection will depend on the underlying cause; a vet is the best person to diagnose that. They may need to examine or even biopsy the area, but this can usually be done in one visit. If you notice signs of an infection, it’s best to see the vet immediately to rule out any other potential issues and ensure your dog gets the best treatment for their specific condition.

How are dog paw infections treated? Can I treat the infection at home?

Treatment varies depending on the reason for the infection. You’ll probably be able to administer treatments at home, but you might need a veterinarian’s prescription to get the right medication.

Dog paw infection treatments include:

• Antibiotics or anti-fungal medication
• A warm-water soak with an antibiotic solution mixed in as applicable
• Ointment as prescribed by the vet

Most dogs with a paw infection will heal with the proper treatment.

What home remedies can I use to heal a dog paw infection?

As stated earlier, many prescription medications can be administered at home. A few natural home remedies for paw irritation can also help for some minor cases. These may be better for dogs that face chronic paw infections, since you will have already seen your vet and learned what remedies will be effective in their specific case.

Some natural remedies for dog paw infections include:

• Bathing. Washing the infected area with mild dog-friendly soap and warm water can keep the area clean. Be sure to rinse thoroughly, as leftover soap can exacerbate the issue.
• Epsom salt. Soaking your dog’s feet in Epsom salt for 5 to 10 minutes can soothe irritated skin and reduce inflammation.
• Apple cider vinegar. RelieveVet explains that apple cider vinegar has both antifungal and antibacterial properties. Mix 1 part apple cider vinegar with 2 parts water, then pour the mixture into a spray bottle to apply to your pup’s paws.
• Oatmeal. An oatmeal soak can be incredibly soothing to irritated paws. The easiest way to do this will be to grind oatmeal into a fine powder, then mix it with warm water.
• Coconut oil. This oil can be a great moisturizer for humans or dogs, but it also creates a soothing and protective barrier for their skin. As a bonus, it even repels parasites.

How can owners help prevent dog paw infections in the future?

It’s cliché, but true: Prevention is the best medicine. While you can’t protect your dog from everything, you can take steps to mitigate paw infection risk. Some of the best ways to protect your dog’s paws include:

• Booties. Wearing booties in the winter can protect your pet’s paw pads from the elements and salted roads, preventing excessive licking.
• Good hygiene. Wiping paws down with pet-safe wipes and regular baths can wash away irritants.
• Trim nails. Bacteria and parasites can latch onto overgrown nails and cause infections. Keep nails short.
• Checkups. Did you miss a spot? Inspect your pet’s paws regularly to ensure there isn’t any dirt or salt between them. Also, keep an eye out for open wounds, which can get infected if not covered and treated with ointment as your vet prescribes.

Seeing your pup in pain is never any fun, but paw infections can be easier to avoid and treat than you might think. A little knowledge can go a long way in keeping your dog happy and healthy, even if it means adjusting your routines. It’ll all be worth seeing your fur baby romping happily during playtime or jogging joyfully by your side. Besides, if you ever need them — your vet is there to help!

You bought your puppy the cutest food dish money can buy, and you thoroughly researched proper diet and nutrition. You confirmed with your vet that you were doing everything right to give your puppy the best, most nutritious start to life. Then, suddenly, your puppy’s not eating.

It can cause new puppy parents to panic — you love your fur baby, and appetite is often a sign of good health. Plus, your puppy needs food to grow and to have energy for walking and playing with you.

If your puppy is not eating much (or at all), there may be several causes. Here are the most common and what you can do to get your little one’s mealtimes back on track.

Does my puppy’s lack of appetite mean they are sick?

A lack of appetite or refusal to eat can be a sign of many canine illnesses, but a lack of appetite doesn’t always mean that your dog is sick. This is why it’s important to take a look at the big picture (or at your dog’s other symptoms) to figure out whether the cause of appetite changes is something to be concerned about. Sometimes, this will be obvious, but other times it might require the expertise of your trusted veterinarian.

Why is my puppy not eating? These are some of the most common reasons

Unfortunately, pups can’t tell us with words why they aren’t eating. However, experts such as veterinarians have observed a number of reasons for appetite loss over the years, including:

Your pup may not feel like eating when they’re stressed

When humans are stressed, we often change our eating habits, which sometimes means stress-eating. According to Preventative Vet, dogs may do the same, so be sure to think about what may be causing your dog to feel anxious. Some common puppy stressors include:

• Trouble adjusting to a new space. Moving to a new home can throw anyone for a loop, especially a dog that’s only a few weeks or months old. Your pup may need some extra patience and snuggles to get used to their new pad — and that’s OK!
• Another pet. Perhaps you already have a fur baby in the family. The other animal may be scary to your new little one … or vice versa!
• Changes in routine. If you’ve had your pet for a little while, you may think they’ve adjusted well. However, some changes, such as returning to the office after working at home may be stressful and be a reason why your puppy isn’t eating much.

Your dog might stop eating if you introduce a new food

Maybe your local pet shop didn’t have your pup’s usual brand, so you substituted it with another. Though the change may not seem like a big deal to you, your puppy may not like the taste or texture and reject the meal, particularly if you aren’t transitioning the food over a period of days. Transitioning your dog’s food can take up to two weeks when done correctly.

If your pup is ill or has parasites, they may not be interested in their meal

Stomach aches, infections, or parasites often cause a puppy to stop eating. Though getting a formal diagnosis from a vet is important, you can first check if your puppy has a fever or recently swallowed something not meant for dogs. You can offer a bland diet for one or two days as a reset, but don’t forget to visit your vet if things don’t get better.

When your pup is teething, they may be too sore for their usual food

Puppies — they’re just like toddlers. If your pup is teething, it may hurt to eat food. Luckily, this cause is temporary and will only be a problem for a little while.

What can I do if my puppy stops eating? Should I be concerned?

You can take several courses of action to help your little one get back to chowing down. Experts suggest:

Take your puppy to see a veterinarian if symptoms don’t improve

It’s important to rule out underlying causes like parasites, GI troubles, or infections. These problems are often treatable with medication or temporary dietary changes. However, they can get worse if left untreated. That’s why a vet visit can be so important. Plus,  your vet can give you tips on encouraging your dog to eat.

Sometimes, your puppy will only need some time to reset

If your puppy is having trouble adjusting, they may just need some time. Be patient and try to make them feel as comfortable as possible. A cozy crate, fun toys, and designated playtimes can help them feel at home. This is a great time to implement daily routines for potty breaks, meals, and walks — especially if your dog is new to your home.

Sometimes, all you need to do is warm the food up before serving

Puppies are finicky eaters — that’s just a fact — but warming up their meals, particularly if you are feeding them wet food, may help. Trial and error can help you figure out your pet’s preferences. But once you do, you’ll be so glad

Transition dog foods slowly to avoid tummy trouble and food aversions

If you need to change foods, experts suggest transitioning over the period of 10 days to help puppies adjust. On day one, use about 10% new food, 90% old food, and work your way up from there. As we mentioned, it can take up to several weeks to completely transition from one food to another.

Mix it up to keep things interesting for your hungry pooch

If your pet has trouble eating, you can try mixing in some table food, such as chicken broth or peanut butter. Ensure that the peanut butter does not have xylitol, which sugar-free versions often do. Trying a mix of canned and dry food instead of kibble may also help.

Make meals fun by finding different ways to give your dog their meal

Food shouldn’t be stressful for you or your puppy. Try making the experience more engaging by using food dispensers or puzzles. Even feeding kibble as a reward during obedience training can be a fun, interactive substitute.

Establish a routine to help everyone feel more secure

Like some people, puppies can thrive on routines. It helps them know what to expect, which may be particularly beneficial if your pup is stressed. Try designating a mealtime and feeding your puppy at the same time each day to help them pick up on the idea.

Limit treats so you don’t spoil their appetite

Training (and a pet’s overall cuteness) can cause pet parents to load up on rewarding their puppies with tasty treats. However, if your puppy isn’t eating, you may want to pull back on the treats.

Your pup will get on track with enough focus and consistency

Food helps puppies grow big and strong, and a good appetite is often a sign of good health. As a result, pet parents may panic if their pup suddenly stops eating as much (or at all). First, breathe. Sometimes, puppies stop eating because they are stressed and may pick up on your anxieties and get even more worked up. A vet can rule out any health conditions and provide you with guidance.

Figuring out your puppy’s stressors, transitioning foods slowly, and offering different foods also can help encourage eating. Try feeding your pup at the same time every day and avoid overdoing it with treats — you want your growing dog to have enough room for a well-balanced meal.

Why shouldn’t you disturb a dog sleeping peacefully? This popular video captioned “Little girl woke up this dog on the beach” shows how a happy pup enjoying a dog beach day would react if you woke him up. It starts with two dogs lying in the sand with a young kid gently nudging them with her feet. She continues to kick with no response from the buds, while the text says, “Wait for it.” Suddenly one pops up, shakes off, and proceeds to dig into the sand, covering her. She struggles away as the dog continues to spray sand all over her. In the end, we watch her crawl off with her dog friend continuing to search for something underground.

The top comment by NY City summed it up nicely with “justice delivered ?” and pets_being_pets, who posted this video, certainly delivered too. Mo followed up with “good dog??” while ? Julie Ann ? chimed in “that was karma right there.” The original poster responded: That dog knew exactly what he was doing. Finally, Gino Lopresti praised the pooch’s revenge by reminding us, “Way better [than] biting.” It’s true we can support this particular form of comeuppance.

Why do dogs dig for fun?

Sometimes, dog digging is utilitarian, like when you bury something in the yard for Fido to find. However, many dogs seem to dig for enjoyment. There are a few reasons for it.

• First, digging can be mentally and physically stimulating for them, especially in the dirt or another surface where they get similar traction, such as your rugs.
• Additionally, dogs have scent glands in their feet and so digging can mark their territory — if you see them pawing their bed that’s probably why.
• Lastly, while all digging dates back to their wolfy ancestors, some breeds, such as terriers, are particularly trained to do it. With no rodents to dig up in their daily life, they take those skills and use them on your carpet instead (much to your dismay).

So what lesson does this little video teach us about our pets? Best to leave pups alone while they are napping unless you want a taste of doggy revenge. And if you disturb a sleeping dog on the beach, you may wind up covered in sand.

It’s hard not to love watching your puppy sleep. In fact, they might somehow manage to get cuter as they snooze. They look so content and peaceful, especially if they’re snuggled up to you. Though experts frequently recommend giving your pet their own sleep space, like a crate, it’s ultimately up to you. Regardless of where and when your puppy is sleeping, you want them to be comfortable and safe. If you notice your puppy breathing fast while sleeping, you may get worried. Should you be? It depends.

Here’s what experts want you to know about labored breathing during sleep and when to call a vet.

Different puppy sleeping patterns

Before we get into breathing patterns, it could help to have some knowledge of puppy sleeping patterns. They’re similar to ours, though puppies cycle through them more quickly than humans. A puppy may experience 20 sleep cycles nightly. Humans typically go through about four or five cycles. These are the phases.

1. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM). Though your dog’s heart rate and blood pressure will drop, your dog will wake easily if something startles them. This phase often lasts about 10 minutes.
2. Rapid eye movement (REM). Breathing increases during this phase of deep sleep, especially if your pup is dreaming (yes, dogs dream).

Your dog will run through these cycles. So, it’s possible your pup is simply only breathing fast because they’re in REM sleep — completely normal. There may be other reasons, too.

What is a healthy breathing rate? How can I find out how fast my pet is breathing?

Generally, a puppy’s breathing rate while resting should be between 10 and 35 breaths per minute. However, vets say some dogs have lower thresholds. It’s important to consult with your vet about what breathing rate is healthiest for your specific pup.

It’s actually best to evaluate your pet’s breathing rate while they are sleeping because exercise and play can elevate it. To calculate your pet’s sleep breathing rate:

• Set a timer for 30 seconds.
• Watch as your pet’s chest rises and falls. That’s a sign they are inhaling and exhaling.
• Count the breaths. One breath equals one rise and fall of your puppy’s chest.
• Repeat for 30 seconds.
• Multiply the number of breaths by 2. That’s your pet’s breathing rate.

If multiplication isn’t your jam, set the timer for 60 seconds and count the number of breaths for a full minute.

What does it mean if my puppy’s breathing rate is too high? Should I call a vet?

Several factors can trigger fast breathing during sleep. Your vet is your best resource when it comes to figuring out why your puppy’s breathing rate is elevated, but these are some common causes.

Exertion

Best-case scenario: Your pup is still cooling down from a rousing play session or exercise. Since dogs don’t sweat, they need to breathe rapidly to cool down and regulate their body temperature. If you took your puppy out for a game of fetch or went on a power walk together, they may still be breathing heavily as they nap it off.

Temperature

Again, dogs “sweat” by breathing quickly. If it’s a hot day or you have the heat on high, your pup may breathe quickly while napping. You don’t want your puppy to overheat, though. Heatstroke is dangerous for dogs, just like for humans. Turn down the heat or move your puppy to a cooler space, preferably inside, on a hot day. Make sure they have plenty of water.

Food poisoning

If your puppy got into something they should not have, like garlic or onions, they might breathe heavily. You’ll want to call poison control or your vet ASAP if you know your dog has eaten toxic food, as food poisoning can be fatal.

Trachea problems

The trachea is a dog’s windpipe. If it collapses or has too much pressure, your puppy may start breathing more heavily. A tracheal collapse can make it harder for air to make its way into your pup’s lungs. Other symptoms of this issue include a dry cough. This problem typically occurs in older dogs, but puppies can have issues too. Certain breeds, like chihuahuas, are more susceptible to tracheal collapses.

Heart issues

Heavy breathing can be a sign of heart disease. If your dog is diagnosed with ticker trouble, the vet may have you monitor their resting breathing rate more often.

Final thoughts on puppies breathing fast while sleeping

Naturally, it’s concerning to notice your puppy breathing fast while sleeping. First, you’ll want to determine if they are actually breathing quickly by calculating their breaths per minute. Simply count each breath, which is considered one inhale and exhale, for 30 or 60 seconds. If counting for 30 seconds, multiply the number of breaths by 2. Generally, anything over 30 to 35 breaths per minute is cause for concern.

Puppies may breathe rapidly when sleeping if they have recently played or exercised or are too hot. Fast breathing during rest periods can also be a sign of something more serious, such as food poisoning or heart disease. Make sure to keep your dog out of the heat and ensure they always have plenty of water. Call your vet if you notice fast breathing while sleeping. They can advise you on the next steps and evaluate your pup to determine if treatment is necessary.